Training Methods: There's More Than One
|
|
Most any animal is trainable, you need only know how. Each has their own means of communication, but there is one universal language that most animals will respond to: food rewards. From dogs to cats and horses to rats, they will learn any pattern provided their food reward is given to them in a timely manner. A good trainer has good timing. A great trainer knows the language of the animal he/she is working with and pairs the animal's language with good timing of the food reward.
Animals learn through operant and classical conditioning. The most useful method is operant. Classical conditioning pairs a stimulus with an immediate response. This is fine if teaching an animal to salivate, but does not help when teaching it to come when called or to perform a complicated behavior. Operant conditioning will delay the ultimate reward long enough to teach an animal to perform complex behaviors, using a bridge (such as a noise or visual cue) to let the animal know that it is performing correctly.
|
|
The basics of operant conditioning are universal in the animal kingdom. It is not only a training method employed by humans but also by animals. Mothers teach their babies. Packs and herds teach the younger members the rules. This is done through reward and punishment. The rewards can be as simple as being allowed to remain within the safety of the herd to earning a food reward from a parent. Punishment ranges from a growl and/or bite to being ostracized from the herd. Humans are the only animals to hold grudges or to punish without reason. Animals rarely behave in this manner.
While there are many trainers offering their services for helping people with pets, the true professional keeps an open mind on how to approach the training depending on the species, age, personality of the animal and the lifestyle of the animal's human companions. Trying to fit all animals into one method is ignorant and will not work 100% of the time. To insure success, the professional must first read the situation and then utilize methods that fit.
The one true universal training method will always be reward and punishment. How it is used, timed and maintained will effect the outcome. As dogs and cats are the most popular pets, we are very lucky that they are easily trained using a variety of methods. They seek our companionship and shelter. They are quick to figure out our personalities and to adjust accordingly. Whether they are trained through only reward or only punishment, they will respond. However, since they are living, reasoning, intelligent beings, always strive to teach in a positive manner. Consistency and timing are the key factors. The combination will insure that your pet will want to learn and will always enjoy his time with you.
Tips Archives
